Ensuring successful plumbing Adventures

Successful Plumbing Adventures

Working In a logical step-by-step order makes repairs  plumbing and otherwise,go more smoothly and keeps you safe. Trying to speed up a step or cut a corner only leads to an Inferior and potentially dangerous repair. For example, virtually every plumbing repair project starts with turning oil the water. I Instruct you to do It upfront in most of the projects in this book, and it seems like a fairly obvious first step. But don't be surprised if you get soaked or sprayed when you disconnect that faucet or toilet valve because you forgot Step I!

Making plumbing repairs isn't and shouldn't be frightening or utterly impossible. Today's plumbing product manufacturers have made installation Instructions pretty easy to understand. and many companies have toll free numbers or online technical support departments to turn to with questions for example Piper Plumbing Heating & Drain Cleaning Inc Provides best plumber Edmonton, plumbing services in Edmonton provide online support and toll free number  . Plus, most home centers and hardware stores have at least a few salespeople who really do know their stuff But it's important to remember that if you feel uncomfortable attempting a specific repair don't be ashamed to call in a plumber Edmonton.

Before you start a plumbing project. assess and evaluate if the project is something you can or even want to attempt. II you answer -no" or even -maybe." consider hiring a plumber from the start instead of starting the project yourself. You'll save money by only paying the plumber for the work and not for having to fix or undo the work you attempted. Here are a few plumbing realities to keep in mind when considering a project:

·         Plumbing repairs require you to get your hands dirty. Some can get really messy , that's Just the way It Is.

·         Some plumbing repairs require some physical labor and may require helpers. For example. lifting a toilet can be a Job for two people. so don't be afraid to ask someone to help.

·         You may have to work in some pretty uncomfortable and cramped areas, like under the kitchen sink or overhead when soldering copper supply lines.

OCCUPANT SUPPORT PLUMBING SYSTEMS.

The basic occupant support plumbing systems are sanitary and waste drainage discharging into a sanitary sewer, vent, storm water drainage, and potable water (cold water, hot water, and hot water circulation). Plumbing systems directly affect the health and safety of the public and are distinguished from other piping systems by the following requirements:

• The design, materials, and installation of the systems are directly regulated by a plumbing code. System design must be approved by an authorized plumbing code official charged with assuring code compliance.
• A permit for installation of the systems must be obtained from authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ).
• Systems should be installed by an entity duly licensed by local authorities to install plumbing systems. (This may not be required in some jurisdictions.)
• Plumbing design plans and installed systems are required to be inspected and approved by an authorized code official charged with code enforcement.

About Panel Heating and Cooling...!

Panel Heating and Cooling

The floor or ceiling of the space can be used as the heater or cooler. A floor that uses the floor surface for heating is called a radiant floor.

The radiant floor is heated by small-bore plastic piping that snakes back and forth at even spacing over the entire area that requires heating. The output can be adjusted from area to area by adjusting the loop spacing, typically 150 to 450 mm, and circuiting the pipe loop. Typically the water is supplied first to the perimeter, to produce the higher output at the perimeter.

The acceptable floor surface temperature for occupants' feet limits the output. ASH RAE Standard 55 limited the floor temperature to a range of 19-29•C for people wearing shoes who were not sitting on the floor. The maximum temperature limits the amount of heat that can be provided by a radiant floor.

Though radiant floors are often more expensive to install than other forms of heating, they can be very effective and economical to run, since they do not generate significant thermal stratification. As a result, the system is very comfortable and ideal for children and the elderly. Control is usually achieved by outdoor reset of water temperature and individual thermostats for each zone.

The system can also be installed in outside pavement by using an inhibited glycol (antifreeze) mixture instead of plain water. This can be used to prevent icing of walkways, parking garage ramps and the floor of loading bays that are open to the weather.

Ceilings can also be used for heating and cooling. When using ceilings for heating, care must be taken to avoid radiating too much heat onto occupants' heads. For ceilings down at 3 meters, the maximum temperature is 60°C. This maximum rises to 82°C at 5.5 meters ceiling height. When cooling, you circulate chilled water, instead of hot water through the ceiling panel pipe. The water temperature must be kept warm enough to ensure that condensation problems do not occur. The temperature difference between the ceiling panel and the space is quite limited. This limits the cooling capacity of the ceiling system and effectively limits its use to spaces that do not have high cooling loads.

Typically, a metal ceiling tile has a metal water pipe bonded to it, so that the whole surface becomes the heat emitter.

The system has the advantage of taking up no floor or wall space and it collects no more dirt than a normal ceiling , making it very attractive for use in hospital and other places that must be kept very clean.

How are tests of drainage and vent systems accomplished?

Three types of tests are generally used. These include the water test, air test, and smoke test.

If a water test is made, the test is applied to the sanitary plumbing system inside the building by sections or in its entirety. The water test is conducted by closing all openings in the pipe with approved testing plugs to the highest opening above the roof and then filling the system completely with water and noting if leaks exist.

An air test is made by attaching a test apparatus or air compressor to a suitable opening after other openings have been closed off and then forcing air into the sanitary system until there is a uniform pressure in the system to balance a mercury column 10 inches high or a pressure of 5 pounds per square inch on the entire sanitary system for at least a 12-minute period of time. Pipes must be found free from defects and leaking joints.

Normally, buildings four or more stories high are tested in sections. Smoke tests are usually used in sanitary pipe systems if there is a possibility that the system has become defective. After all system openings have been properly sealed, a dense smoke is forced under pressure into the system equivalent to a 1-inch water column for at least a 12-minute period with visual tests for smoke leaks during this period.

Describing Sizing of Plumbing Piping

Sizing of Plumbing Piping

Plumbing must he sized enough to allow fixtures to operate properly and for proper draining and venting. The size of water supply piping is based on these conditions:

Amount of water needed.

Supply pressure.

Pipe length.

Number of stories to be supplied.

Flow pressure needed at the farthest point from the source.

The size of drainage piping is based on standards established for the type of fixture and the average amount of waste that can be discharged through the fixture in a given amount of time. The size of vent pipes is based on the number of drainage fixture units that drain into the waste portion of the vent stack.

American National Standard taper pipe threads are the standard thread used on pipes and pipe fittings. These threads are designed to provide pressure tight joints or not, depending on the intended function and materials used. American pipe threads are measured by the nominal pipe size, which is the inside pipe diameter. For example, a 1/2" pipe size has an outside diameter of Bier. Pipe threads are identified using a thread note such as 3/4 I4NPT, where the 3/4 is the nominal inside diameter of the pipe. 14 is the number of threads per inch. and S: r stands for National Pipe Thread.

Differences Between Hot Water Boiler and Water Heaters

There are some differences too. Let's look at these.

Water Heaters Vs Hot water Boiler

Boilers move the water in a loop and recalculate the same water for a long time, whereas water heaters only see water once (usually).

Boilers deliver water to radiators or some other heating device, whereas water heaters deliver water to fixtures (sinks and bathtubs) and appliances (clothes washers and dishwashers).

Boilers can operate at 180°F, whereas water heaters operate at 120°F to 140°F.

Boilers have a pressure relief valve set at 30 psi and a high temperature limit switch set at 210°F, whereas water heaters have a temperature/pressure relief valve set at 210°F and ISO psi.

Boilers have an expansion tank (cushion tank): water heaters don't.

Boilers use a circulating pump (and/or convection) to move water, whereas water heaters use the house supply plumbing pressure, naturally 40 to 80 psi. to go water.

You can't drink the water from boilers but you can drink the water from water heaters.

Boilers don't usually work in the summer, whereas water heaters work all year.

Boilers have a wall thermostat to control the temperature of the home, whereas water heaters have a thermostat on the heater to control the water temperature.

Boilers don't have sacrificial metals to manage rust, but water heaters, utilize sacrificial anodes (anticorrosion rods) to slow the corrosion of the tank.

Water heater tanks are often glass lined to control corrosion, whereas boilers never have glass liners.

Water heater tanks are insulated, whereas boilers may or may not have insulated shells.

Water heaters have an isolating valve on the cold water supply, whereas boilers may have isolating valves on the cold water inlet and hot water outlet.

In sonic areas. water heaters can be rented, but boilers usually can't be rented.

Boilers are much more expensive than water heaters.

One of the biggest differences between water heaters and boilers is that the water heater does not use a recirculating system. The water heater is a only pass system that always looks fresh water. There is no re-circulation. The water in-flowing the water heater is usually at 50°F to 70°F. whereas the water recirculating through the hydronic heating system can be considerably hotter on the inlet side.

The water that circulates through a hot water heating system becomes chemically inert and does not corrosion the piping. Because water heaters look one time and are constantly exposed to fresh water with lots of rust causing oxygen, they are extra horizontal to rust than hydronic heat systems. Consequently, water heaters are typically provided with an anti-corrosion rod or sacrificial anode. Sacrificial anodes are usually magnesium. They sit down in the water tank, allocating the chemical effect from the water to harass them instead of the tank.

Actually, the water heater is just a plump part of the piping system where the water passes through. As it surpasses through, it gets tempered. The pressure in the water heater is similar to the pressure during the supply plumbing system (typically 60 psi).

The pressure on the cold water cove pipe is almost similar to the pressure on the hot water vent pipe.

Some water heaters are provided with a vacuum relief regulator on the cold water inlet site. This stops cross relations by averting the hot water from supporting to the cold water line in the event the pressure of cold water is low. The vacuum relief regulator also guards against feasible crumple of the storage tank by stopping a vacuum in the tank.

Define Piping Practices..........!!!

Piping Practices

The piping system must be installed correctly so that the system has the best chance of operating correctly. Factors such as expansion and contraction of the pipe when the system is heated and cooled must be taken into consideration before the installation is started. All piping expands when the system is heated from room temperature to the temperature of the circulating water. Copper pipe has a much higher coefficient of expansion than iron or steel pipe does. According to the IBR 100 Guide, a 100-foot length of steel pipe expands I inch when heated from room temperature to 200°F, whereas a 100-foot length of copper pipe expands 1.5 inch under the same conditions. Long piping runs expand so much that leaks can occur if expansion joints are not provided. Expansion and contraction also cause noise as the system warms up to temperature and cools down. Room for expansion can be provided in piping runs with expansion loops or expansion joints. Baseboard convectors are limited to length because of expansion. Manufacturers' recommendations must be followed when you select baseboard radiation because these systems may have long runs of units. Expansion joints may be recommended at intervals. The pipe must be reamed at all connections where it was cut during installation. The burr made by the pipe cutter restricts flow by causing turbulence and must be eliminated. A complete piping system will have many of these restrictions if good piping practices are not followed. Thread seal should be applied only to external threaded connections, as depicted in. If it is applied to the internal threaded connections, the thread seal will turn loose and be carried through the piping and cause problems such as plugged heat exchangers and strainers. Water pipes in the system should be exactly level or rise in the direction of the flow so that air that enters the system can move with the water. If the pipes are pitched downward in the direction of the water flow, air will trap in the high spots and restrict the water flow.

Each water system must have a method for draining the complete system in case of freezing weather when the heating & drain cleaning system may not be functioning. For example, if a building will be vacant for a long time, the complete system must be drained. Drain valves at all low points with a method of breaking the vacuum while draining will ensure that the system is empty. The vacuum break must be at the high point in the system. When a valve on the bottom of a system is opened to drain the system, a vacuum forms at the high points in the system as the water tries to drain. It is possible that all the water will not drain; some may be suspended in the system. These places where water remains will freeze in cold weather. Automatic air bleed valves can provide the necessary vacuum break. If there are no automatic bleed valves, the technician must open all manual bleed valves in order to drain the system completely. After a system is installed, the inside of the piping must be cleaned. Construction dirt, oil from threading the pipe, and pipe dope will be inside the piping. The boiler will have an oil coating on the inside that must be removed. It is recommended that the system be operated for several days after it is filled and leak tested. Then a special detergent should be added and circulated in the system for several more days. The system should then be drained and refilled several times to clean out the detergent and suspended oil. Finally, the system should be filled with water and water treatment provided by a company that specializes in water treatment. The water treatment contains additives for preventing rust and corrosion.

Room for pipe expansion

a pipe cutting burr

external portion of the threads

construction dirt will be in the pipe of a new job